The Last Universal Islamic Ethical Theory based on Absolute Monotheism: A Comprehensive Model for Ethical Decision-Making

Abstract

This research study systematically and analytically evaluates the six dominant Western ethical and moral theories (Ethos and Mores) against the Islamic ethical philosophies and principles revealed by the Allah in the Holy Qur’an and narrated by the Prophet Mohammad in Sunnah. The paper analytically examines the ‘Absolute Monotheism’ as the foundation and base of the ‘Last Universal Islamic Ethical Theory’. A mix of thematic, qualitative, descriptive, and criteria-based analytical research approaches were employed. The analysis demonstrates that the Western ethical theories are based on the customs and habits of inhabitants of a society, thus lacking uniformity, universality, stability of moral authority, and cross-contextual and conceptual consistency. In contrast, the Islamic ethics - grounded in the ‘Absolute Monotheism’ offer a monotheistic, comprehensive, universal, and timeless and spaceless ethical system applicable across all the universe and domains of life of all species (makhlooq). This research study contributes by refreshing, reminding and retitling Islamic ethics as a coherent analytical ethical theory rather than a purely man-made normative discourse.