سقيفة بني ساعدة: قراءتها عبر مراحل الانتقال الديمقراطي عند دانكورت روستو

Thaqīfah Banī Sa‘Idah: Reading it Through The Stages of Democratic Transition According to Dankwart Rustow

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the value of Shura in the model of rational Islamic governance In addition, the extent to which the foundations of Shura were applied in selecting the first caliph for the Muslims in Sagifa Bani Saida, Interspersed with a reading of the Sagifa, events from during the analysis of the requirements of the stages of democratic transition according to Rostow.

Methodology: The research takes the historical approach that is related to the subject of the research and its scope specified in its title through narrative historical facts, and the analytical approach to analyze the historical facts contained in the research.

Results: Sagifa Bani Sanida continues to stir a strong passion for Arabs and Muslims. And it always turns their public imagination to an ideal model of governance that deserves to be a cornerstone upon which Islamic political jurisprudence is based and upon which the most important principles of choosing a ruler are based in a way that ends the crisis of political legitimacy by relying on the value of Shura. When analyzing Dancourt-Rostow's stages of democratic transition, it appears to us that the features of the transition from the state during the era of the Prophet to the state of the Rightly Guided Caliphate were refined through the stages within this transition. Everyone agreed that there must be a political authority that everyone adheres to, and it was natural for disagreements to emerge and not a struggle for power as a result of that, Disagreements were based on the original principle, which is Shura.

Conclusion: The level of people's awareness of the legitimacy of their political systems has increased. And in light of this matter it has become necessary to revive the Islamic political heritage and to reread the foundations of Shura, which led to political legitimacy that everyone considers and describes as rational by the requirements of modern theories for studying the transition from one model to another model.