Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of Copenhagen neck functional disability scale in Urdu language

Abstract

Background: Literature reveals high prevalence of neck disability in Pakistani population, and limited translated tools are available in Urdu language. Therefore, due to unavailability of screening tools in national language of Pakistan people usually remain unaware regarding the significance of early screening regarding any disease.

Objective: To Translate and validate the Copenhagen neck functional disability scale in Urdu language.

Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Physical Therapy Department of Haider Hospital in Multan. A total of 75 participants aged between 18 to 40 years of both gender with nonspecific neck pain for minimum 12 weeks were included. Initially, two independent professionals made two forward translation into Urdu language. Then, these translations were synthesized into single translation. The synthesized translated version was translated backward into English language. The expert reviewed the synthesized translated version and backward translated version and approved the translated final synthesized version. The psychometric properties test included internal consistency validity (Cronbach’s alpha), test-retest reliability (ICC 2, 1), and concurrent validity (correlation with Numeric pain rating scale and Neck disability index).

Results: The mean The Cronbach’s alpha for Copenhagen neck functional disability scale Urdu version (CNFDS-U) was 0.76 showing good internal consistency. The test-retest reliability determined with intraclass correlation coefficient ICC (2, 1) was 0.84 (95% CI; 0.74 to 0.90, P< 0.001). Test-retest mean scores correlation was r = 0.86 (P < 0.001). The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between CNFDS-U and NDI was r = 0.65 (P<0.001). The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between CNFDS-U and NPRS was r = 0.60 (P<0.001).

Conclusion: The Urdu translated version of Copenhagen neck functional disability scale showed high internal consistency, excellent test-retest reliability, and good concurrent validity.