استدلال سے متعلق قواعد اصولیہ کے تناظر میں فقہ سیدہ عائشہ ؓ کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ An Analytical Study of Sayyidah Aisha’s Jurisprudential Approach in the Context of Usūl al-Fiqh Principles of Legal Reasoning

Abstract

Syedah ʿĀʾishah (RA) was a distinguished scholar whose jurisprudential insights and methodology of Istidlal (legal reasoning) significantly contributed to the development of Islamic law. The literal meaning of Istidlal is: "to demand evidence." In common usage, it means to establish evidence in general, whether it is evidence from the Quran and Hadith, Ijmaa and Qiyas, etc., or from any other Shariah evidence. However, among Usuliyyin, Istidlal means a special form of establishing evidence, and that is, establishing evidence through something other than the Quran, Sunnah, and Ijmaa and Qiyas is called Istidlal.This Article uses an analytical research method. To derive the principles of the rules, first the jurisprudential opinions of Hazrat ʿĀʾishah (RA) are quoted and summarized, and then possible principles of the rules are derived from them. For further explanation of the principles of the rules, their application aspect is also mentioned. This article examines her legal reasoning within the framework of Usul al-Fiqh, focusing on principles such as Istishab-e-haal, Istihsan, and Masalih-e-Mursalah. An analysis of Hazrat Aisha’s (RA) approach to istidlal reveals her deep understanding of Islamic Jurisprudence. This research highlights her jurisprudential verdicts and opinions based on Usul al-Fiqh principles and evaluates her methodological approach in the broader context of Islamic legal theory. Hazrat Aisha’s (RA) scholarly contributions serve as an exemplary model, not only for women in Islamic scholarship but also for the overall progression of Islamic jurisprudence