Awareness of Modifiable Risk Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases among Post-Menopausal Females and Role of Physical Therapist in preventive Strategies

Abstract

Background: Menopause significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to modifiable risk factors such as visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose regulation, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hypertension, all influenced by hormonal changes. Physical therapists play a crucial role in managing these risk factors through structured physical activity, lifestyle modifications, and rehabilitation strategies.

Objective: To assess awareness of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors among postmenopausal women and highlight the role of physical therapy in preventive strategies

Methodology:  A cross-sectional survey of 188 postmenopausal women (aged 45–60) from six Lahore hospitals was conducted using non-probability convenience sampling. Women with prior cardiovascular diseases or severe cognitive impairments were excluded. Awareness of modifiable CVD risk factors was assessed via the CARRF-KL questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.768). Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.

Results: The participants' mean age was 49.9 ± 3.48 years. Descriptive statistics of the CARRF-KL questionnaire showed scores ranging from 11 to 27, with a mean of 20.84 ± 3.77.

Conclusion: Postmenopausal women exhibited moderate awareness of modifiable CVD risk factors. While a general understanding was present, variability in scores highlights the need for targeted educational interventions. Given the role of physical therapy in promoting preventive strategies, integrating structured exercise and lifestyle counseling into healthcare programs can enhance cardiovascular health in this population.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, Risk factors, Postmenopausal