Estimation of Mandibular Bone Density Loss in Diabetes Mellitus Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Abstract

Objective: The study's goals were to use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to estimate the percentage of bone density loss in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that is observed in the condyles, angulus, and symphysis. It will also analyze the differences in mandible bone density between T2DM and NonDiabetes Mellitus (DM).
Study Design: An analytical observational study used a cross-sectional research design.
Place and Duration of Study: Dental Radiology Installation of the Dental and Oral Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan City, North Sumatra Province, and the Pramita Medan Clinical Laboratory from 2 October – 22 December 2023.
Materials and Methods: The study included fifty CBCT radiographs from T2DM patients and fifty non-DM patients aged between 25 and 60. Bone density measurements were taken from a 10x10 region of interest (ROI) at the symphysis, angulus, and condyle. These measurements were assessed in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes. On-Demand, 3D software was used for radiograph analysis. Data processing included univariate and bivariate analyses, with an independent T-test applied for comparative purposes.
Results: The study estimated bone density reduction in T2DM patients as 40.922% at the condyle, 32.686% at the angulus, and 26.957% at the symphysis. A significant difference in mandibular bone density between T2DM and non-DM patients was found (p-value <0.05). For non-DM patients, the bone density values were 264.087 HU at the condyle, 630.717 HU at the angulus, and 554.600 HU at the symphysis.
Conclusion: T2DM patients had lower mandibular bone density than non-DM patients. The condyle showed the highest percentage loss, followed by the angulus and symphysis.